Table of voting systems by nation Totally Explained

Everything about Table Of Voting Systems By Nation totally explained

This table deals with voting to select candidates for office, not for the passing of legislation.

Voting systems by country

Country	Body	System	Seats per District	Total seats	Threshold
Afghanistan	President	Runoff
Afghanistan	House of the People	SNTV		249
Albania	Assembly	MMP: Largest remainder (Hare quota)	40 / 1	140	2.5% (parties), 4% (coalitions)
Algeria	President	Runoff
Algeria	People's National Assembly	Party list		380	5%
Andorra	General Council	Parallel: Party list / Bloc voting	14 / 2	28
Angola	President	FPTP
Angola	National Assembly	D'Hondt method (closed lists)	5 per province, 130 across country, + 3 representatives from abroad	233
Antigua and Barbuda	House of Representatives	FPTP		17
Argentina	President	Runoff
Argentina	Chamber of Deputies of the Nation	D'Hondt method (closed lists)		257
Armenia	President	Runoff
Armenia	National Assembly	Parallel: Largest remainder (Hare quota) / FPTP	75 / 1	131	5%
Aruba	Estates			21
Australia	Senate	STV	6 per state per election, 2 per territory	76
Australia	House of Representatives	IRV		150
Austria	President	Runoff
Austria	Nationalrat	Largest remainder (Hare quota) at district and regional levels, D'Hondt method for remaining votes at national level		183	4%
Azerbaijan	President
Azerbaijan	National Assembly	Parallel: Party list / FPTP		125
Bahamas	House of Assembly	FPTP		40
Bahrain	Council of Representatives	Runoff		40
Bangladesh	Jatiyo Sangshad	FPTP		300 + 30 seats reserved for women
Barbados	House of Assembly	FPTP		30
Belarus	President
Belarus	House of Representatives			110
Belgium	Chamber of Representatives	D'Hondt method	3–22	150	5%
Belgium	Senate	D'Hondt method	15, 25	40 + 21 chosen by Community parliaments + 10 co-opted
Belize	National Assembly	FPTP		29
Benin	President	Runoff
Benin	National Assembly	Largest remainder method		83
Bermuda	House of Assembly	FPTP		36
Bhutan	Tshogdu	FPTP		105 + 12 religious representatives + 37 appointed
Bolivia	President	First round by people, Runoff if necessary by Parliament
	Chamber of Deputies	MMP: Hare quota (62 seats; two rounds of quota counting) / FPTP (68 seats)		130	1 Hare quota for first round
	Senate	Winning party takes 2 seats, second party takes 1 in each constituency	3	27
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina	FPTP	1	3 (one each of the three major ethnicities)
Bosnia and Herzegovina	House of Representatives	Sainte-Laguë method	14, 28	42
Botswana	National Assembly	FPTP		57 + 4 co-opted + 2 ex officio
Brazil	President	Runoff
	Chamber of Deputies	D'Hondt method (open lists)	8–70	513	1 Hare quota
	Senate	Bloc voting for dual-member elections, FPTP otherwise	1, 2 (alternates each election)	81
Bulgaria	President	Runoff
Bulgaria	National Assembly	D'Hondt method (closed lists)	4–14
Israel	Knesset	D'Hondt method	120	120	2%
Italy	Chamber of Deputies	list-PR with national majority bonus		630	2% (parties) 10% (coalitions)
Italy	Senate	list-PR with regional majority bonus		315	3% (parties) 20% (coalitions)
Ivory Coast	President	Runoff
Ivory Coast	National Assembly	FPTP		225
Jamaica	House of Representatives	FPTP	1	60
Japan	House of Representatives	Parallel: D'Hondt method (180 seats) / FPTP (300 seats)	6-29 / 1	480
Japan	House of Councillors	Parallel: D'Hondt method (48 seats) / SNTV (73 seats)	24 / 1-4 per election	121 per election
Jordan	Chamber of Deputies	FPTP		104 + 6 women elected by electoral college
Kazakhstan	President
Kazakhstan	Majilis	Parallel: Proportional (10 seats) / Runoff (57 seats)		67
Kenya	President	FPTP
Kenya	National Assembly of Kenya	FPTP		210 + 12 appointed + 2 ex officio
Kiribati	President	FPTP
Kiribati	House of Assembly	Modified runoff		40 + 1 delegate from Banaba Island and 1 ex officio
Kuwait	National Assembly	Bloc	2	50
Kyrgyzstan	President
	Legislative Assembly	Parallel: Party list (15 seats) / Runoff (45)		60
	Assembly of People's Representatives			45
Laos	National Assembly	Bloc voting		115
Latvia	Saeima	Sainte-Laguë method	14–28	100	5%
Lebanon	Chamber of Deputies	Bloc voting		128
Lesotho	National Assembly	MMP Party list (40 seats) / FPTP (80 seats)		120
Liberia	President	Runoff
	House of Representatives	FPTP	1	64
	Senate	SNTV	2	30
Liechtenstein	Diet	Largest remainder (Hare quota)		25	8%
Lithuania	President	Runoff
Lithuania	Seimas	Parallel: Largest remainder (70 seats) / Runoff (71 seats)	70 / 1	141	5% (parties), 7% (coalitions)
Luxembourg	Chamber of Deputies	D'Hondt method		60
Macau	Legislative Council	Party list / Functional constituencies / Appointed	12	29
Macedonia	President	Runoff
Macedonia	Assembly	D'Hondt method	20	120
Madagascar	President	Runoff
Madagascar	National Assembly		1–2	160
Malawi	President	FPTP
Malawi	National Assembly	FPTP		194
Malaysia	Dewan Rakyat	FPTP	1	219
Maldives	President	Elected by parliament and confirmed by popular referendum
Maldives	Majlis	Bloc voting	2	42 + 8 appointed
Mali	President	Runoff
Mali	National Assembly	Runoff		160
Malta	President
Malta	House of Representatives	STV	5	65
Marshall Islands	Legislature	FPTP		33
Mauritania	President	Runoff
Mauritania	National Assembly	Runoff		81
Mauritius	National Assembly		2–3	62 + 8 appointed
Mexico	President	FPTP
	Chamber of Deputies	Parallel: Largest remainder (Hare quota) (200 seats) / FPTP (300 seats)	40 / 1	500
	Senate	Parallel: Largest remainder (Hare quota) / winner takes 2, second takes 1	32 / 3	128
Federated States of Micronesia	Congress	FPTP (10 seats), PR (4 seats)		14
Moldova	Parliament of the Republic of Moldova	D'Hondt method	101	101	6%
Monaco	National Council	SNTV (16 seats), D'Hondt method (8 seats)		24
Mongolia	President
Mongolia	State Great Khural	FPTP		76
Montenegro	Parliament	D'Hondt method (closed lists)	5, 76	81	3%
Montserrat	Legislative Council		9	9
Morocco	Assembly of Representatives	Parallel: Largest remainder (295 seats) / list of women (30 seats)		325
Mozambique	President	Runoff
Mozambique	Assembly of the Republic	D'Hondt method	250	250	5%
Namibia	President	Runoff
Namibia	National Assembly	Hare quota + 6 appointed		78
Nauru	Parliament			18
Nepal	House of Representatives	FPTP		205
Netherlands	States-General	D'Hondt method	150	150	0.67%
New Zealand	House of Representatives (Parliament)	MMP: Sainte-Laguë method (51+ seats) / FPTP (69 district seats)		120 + overhang seats	5% or 1 district seat
Nicaragua	President	FPTP
Nicaragua	National Assembly	D'Hondt method		92
Niger	President	Runoff
Niger	National Assembly	Party list (105 seats) + 8 from FPTP		113
Nigeria	President	Runoff
	House of Representatives	FPTP	1	360
	Senate	FPTP	1	109
Niue	Assembly	Bloc voting (6 seats)	1–6	6 + 14 representatives of the villages
North Korea	Supreme People's Assembly	Endorsement of candidate		687
Norway	Storting	Modified Sainte-Laguë method (open lists)	4–17	150 + 19 leveling seats	4% for leveling seats
Pakistan	National Assembly	FPTP, with Party list for women		272 + 10 for religious minorities + 60 for women
Palau	President
	House of Delegates	FPTP		16
	Senate	FPTP		9
Palestine	President	FPTP
Palestine	Legislative Council	Parallel: Sainte-Laguë method (closed list; 66 seats) / Bloc voting or FPTP (66 seats)	66 / 1–9	132	2%
Panama	President	FPTP
Panama	National Assembly	Single-member constituencies: FPTP; multi-member: Saripolo or Sartori method (Largest remainder, but remainders only for those with no seats)	1–	78
Papua New Guinea	National Parliament	FPTP	1	109
Paraguay	President	FPTP
	Chamber of Deputies	D'Hondt method		80
	Senate	D'Hondt method		45
Peru	President	Runoff
Peru	Congress of the Republic	Largest remainder		120
Philippines	President	FPTP
	House of Representatives	Parallel: Party list (quota) / FPTP (212 districts)		> 212	2%
	Senate	Bloc voting	12	24
Poland	President	Runoff
	Sejm	D'Hondt method	7–19	460	5% (8% for coalitions, 0% for national minorities)
	Senate	Bloc voting	2–4	100
Portugal	President	Runoff
Portugal	Assembly of the Republic	D'Hondt method	2–48	230
Romania	President	Runoff
	Chamber of Deputies	FPTP		329	5% (parties), 8-10% (coalitions) or 6 district seats
	Senate	FPTP		137	5% (parties), 8-10% (coalitions) or 3 district seats
Russia	President	Runoff
Russia	State Duma	Parallel: Largest remainder (225 seats) / FPTP (225 seats)		450
Rwanda	President
Rwanda	Chamber of Deputies	Largest remainder		53 + 24 elected by provincial councils + 3 appointed	5%
Saint Kitts and Nevis	National Assembly	FPTP		11 + 3 appointed + 1 ex officio
Saint Lucia	House of Assembly	FPTP		17
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	House of Assembly	FPTP		15 + 6 appointed
Samoa	Fono	FPTP / Bloc voting	1–2	47
San Marino	Grand and General Council	D'Hondt method		60
São Tomé and Príncipe	President	Runoff
São Tomé and Príncipe	National Assembly	Party list		55
Senegal	President	Runoff
Senegal	National Assembly	Bloc voting		120
Serbia	President	Runoff
Serbia	National Assembly	D'Hondt method	250	250	5% (0.4% for minorities)
Seychelles	President	FPTP
Seychelles	National Assembly	Parallel: Hare quota (9 seats) / FPTP (25 seats)	9 / 1	34
Sierra Leone	Parliament	Largest remainder	112	112 + 12 Paramount chiefs	12.5%
Singapore	President
Singapore	Parliament	Bloc voting / FPTP	1 or 5 or 6 (depending on constituency)	84
Slovakia	President	Runoff
Slovakia	National Council of the Slovak Republic	Hagenbach-Bischoff (semi-open lists)		150	5%
Slovenia	President	Runoff
Slovenia	National Assembly	D'Hondt method (88 seats) + 2 seats by Borda Count		90	4%
Solomon Islands	National Parliament	FPTP		50
South Africa	National Assembly	Droop quota		400
South Korea	President	FPTP
South Korea	National Assembly	Parallel: Party list (54 seats) / FPTP (245 seats)		299
Spain	Congress of Deputies	D'Hondt method	1–35	350	3%
Spain	Senate	Partial bloc voting (208 members), appointment by regional legislatures (51 members)	2–4	259
Sri Lanka	President	Sri Lankan contingent vote
Sri Lanka	Parliament of Sri Lanka	Largest remainder (Hare quota)	4-20	225
Suriname	National Assembly of Suriname	Party list		51
Sweden	Riksdag	Modified Sainte-Laguë (Open list)		349	4% (or 12% in a constituency)
Switzerland	National Council	D'Hondt method (open lists)	1–-34	200
Switzerland	Council of States	Varies with canton	1–2	46
Syria	President	Endorsement of candidate
Syria	People's Council			250, of which 167 are guaranteed for the National Patriotic Front
Taiwan (Republic of China)	President	FPTP
Taiwan (Republic of China)	Legislative Yuan	Parallel: FPTP (73 seats) / Largest remainder (Hare quota) (34 seats) Aboriginal seats: SNTV (6 seats)	1 Aboriginal constituencies: 3	113	5%
Tajikistan	President
Tajikistan	Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan	Parallel: Party list (22 seats) / Runoff single-member constituencies (41 seats)		63
Tanzania	President	FPTP
Tanzania	National Assembly	FPTP		324
Thailand	House of Representatives	Parallel: Party list (80 seats) / FPTP (400 seats)	1-3	480
Thailand	Senate	FPTP or SNTV		200
Togo	President	Runoff
Togo	National Assembly of Togo	Runoff		81
Tonga	Legislative Assembly	Runoff		9 + 9 elected by nobles + 10 members of Privy Council + 2 governors
Trinidad and Tobago	House of Representatives	FPTP	1	41
Tunisia	President	FPTP
Tunisia	Chamber of Deputies	Parallel: Highest average for parties not winning an electorate (37 seats) / FPTP (152 seats)	34 / 1	189
Turkey	Grand National Assembly	D'Hondt method	2-25	550	10%
Turkmenistan	President
Turkmenistan	Assembly	Runoff		50
Tuvalu	Parliament	FPTP or SNTV	1–2	15
Uganda	President	FPTP
Uganda	National Assembly	FPTP		214 + 78 from various groups
Ukraine	President	Runoff
Ukraine	Verkhovna Rada	Party list	450	450	3%
United Kingdom	House of Commons	FPTP	1	646
	Scottish Parliament	Additional Member System: D'Hondt method (56 seats) / FPTP (73 seats)	7 / 1	129
	National Assembly for Wales	Additional Member System: D'Hondt method (20 seats) / FPTP (40 seats)	4 / 1	60
	Northern Ireland Assembly	STV	6	108
United States	President	Electoral college (electors generally chosen using FPTP on per state basis)
	House of Representatives	FPTP with primaries	1	435
	Senate	FPTP with primaries	2 per state, 1 per election	100
Uruguay	President	Runoff
	Chamber of Deputies	D'Hondt method	2-42	99
	Chamber of Senators	D'Hondt method	30	30 + vice-president
Uzbekistan	President	Runoff
Vanuatu	Parliament	SNTV		52
Venezuela	President	FPTP
Venezuela	National Assembly	MMP: D'Hondt method / SNTV		167
Vietnam	National Assembly			498
Yemen	President	Runoff
Yemen	Assembly of Representatives	FPTP		301
Zambia	President	FPTP
Zambia	National Assembly	FPTP		150
Zimbabwe	House of Assembly	FPTP		120 + 20 appointed by the President + 10 chiefs
Zimbabwe	Senate	FPTP		50 + 6 appointed by the President + 10 chiefs

Key

Seats per district : Most elections are split into a number of districts (for example, a constituency). In some elections, there's one person elected per district. In others, there are many people elected per district. ; Total number of seats : the number of representatives elected to the body in total.

Election threshold : see Election threshold ; FPTP : Using the system of FPTP voting to pick a single winner per district

Party list : One of many Party-list proportional representation systems. Where possible, this has been replaced by the allocation system used within the party-list (for example D'Hondt method) ; Parallel voting : This means that two simultaneous systems are used to elect representatives to the same body. If there's interchange between the two systems (for example the number elected in one system affects the number elected in the other) then this is called the additional member system.

Further Information

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